Villanelle Term Papers

Villanelle is a poetic form developed in English language poetry. The French word villanelle is derived from the original word in Italian "Villanelle" which is in turn derived from the Latin "villa"(farm) and "villano"(farmland). A villanelle has two rhyme sounds. The 1st. and 3rd. lines of the first stanza rhyme refrains that alternate as the third line in each succeeding stanza and also form a couplet at the close. A villanelle is supposed to be nineteen lines long and consists of five tercets as well as one concluding quatrain.

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History:

Historically the Italian villanelle was the music for rustic dance. In 16th century it was popular as rustic Italian part song. The Villanelle in the poetic form appeared in France in16th century as a fragment by Jan Passerate, one of the earliest French poets to use this form. In the 19th century, many English poets like Oscar Wilde wrote villanelle poems.

More recently, a number of American and British poets (like Elizabeth Bishop, Dylan Thomas, Theodore Roethke and W. H. Auden) have written Villanelle.

Structure/Form:

In traditional villanelle:

The lines are grouped into five tercets as well as a quatrain at the end.
A Villanelle has 19 lines.
Lines may be of any length.
“It has two rhymes. The rhyme scheme is aba, with the same end-rhyme for every first and last line of each tercet and the final two lines of the quatrain. “
Two of the lines are repeated:

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The 1st. line of the first stanza is repeated as the last line of both, the second and the fourth stanzas. It is also repeated in the second-to-last line in the quatrain at the end.
The 3rd. line of the first stanza is repeated in the last line of the third as well as the fifth stanzas, and also as the last line in the ending quatrain.

Analysis:

The author Philip K. Jason sees the villanelle as delivering a composition with three parts as "Introduction, Development and finally, Conclusion". Technically the three parts derived from the relative influence and arrangement of the repeating lines. The idea behind the villanelle is "duality, dichotomy and debate".

Two of the most famous villanelle are Dylan Thomas’s "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night" and William Empson's "Slowly the Poison the Whole Blood Stream Fills"

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